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Joan Gilabert Jofré (1350–1417), also known as Padre Jofré or Pare Jofré, was a member of the Christian religious Order of Mercy and the founder of what is claimed to be the first psychiatric care institution in the world, in Valencia, Crown of Aragon (today in Spain).〔("Concluye fase diocesana del proceso de canonización del Padre Jofré" (in Spanish; "Diocesan stage of canonisation of Padre Jofre Completed") publ. ACI, 8 February 2007 ), accessed 11 July 2011〕 Pare Jofré was born in Valencia on 24 June 1350.〔("Mercedarian Historical Survey II. Until The Beginning Of The Evangelization Of America (1317-1492)- 7. FRUITS OF SANCTITY - Juan Gilabert Jofré and his Social Work" Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, Mercedarian Friars website ), accessed 11 July 2001〕 He studied law in Lleida, before returning to Valencia where he joined the Order of Mercy in 1370 and entered the Monastery of El Puig.〔 He was ordained priest in 1375 and became a preacher.〔 He eventually became Superior of the Order in Valencia. A commitment to the poor led him to establish institutions to care for the mentally ill, abandoned children and indigent pilgrims. After his death he became a subject of religious veneration and he has been proposed for canonisation as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. ==The Order of Mercy== ''For main article see Order of Mercy'' The Order of Mercy, founded in 1218, was one of numerous popular institutions concerned with charitable works and motivated by religious piety that were established throughout Europe during the 12th and 13th century. The Order's founder, the Catalan Peter Nolasco, tutor to King James I of Aragón, had fought in the wars of the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Aragón bordered on al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) and Peter Nolasco was aware of the plight of impoverished Christian captives in Muslim hands. Aristocrats and the wealthy were often able to negotiate and purchase their freedom but ordinary prisoners lacking the funds needed to obtain their release were condemned to an indefinite slavery. Peter Nolasco dedicated the Order to the work of ransoming these ordinary captives. The 1327 Albertine ''Constitutiones'' in force at the time Pare Jofré joined the order, established religious worship - the Divine Office - and the redemption of Christian captives as the Order’s ends and fundamental principles.〔("Mercedarian Historical Survey II. Until The Beginning Of The Evangelization Of America (1317-1492)- 2. FATHER RAIMUNDO ALBERT’S CONSTITUTIONS (1327" Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, Mercedarian Friars website ), accessed 11 July 2001〕 The ''Constitutiones'' were modelled on the constitutions of the major orders of preaching friars. The friars of the order were required to preach and collect alms for a redemption fund, to be used only for redeeming captives. Initially the Order's work was carried out in Valencia and the Balearic Islands, because of their proximity, but as the Spanish ''Reconquista'' of the Iberian Peninsula proceeded, captives were redeemed from slavery further afield, in Andalusia and North Africa.〔 Pare Jofré earned a reputation as an effective administrator, a good preacher and a successful redeemer of captives in Spain and North Africa. Even while holding the relatively lowly office of vicar of the Mercedarians' convent in Lérida, he was a sufficiently respected figure by 1391 to be able to appeal to King Juan I for support for his efforts to redeem captives and hostages.〔〔 While committed to the cause of the poor and abandoned, he was politically astute〔 and in 1409 he was appointed the Order's ''comendador'', or Superior, in Valencia (the start of a fruitful preaching partnership with St Vincent Ferrer, with whom he travelled across Valencia, Aragon, Catalonia, Castile and Portugal.)〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joan Gilabert Jofré」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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